He may also count the verses on his fingers, prompt his imam with the correct wording, put on a cloak or a turban, and kill a snake, scorpion, or the like—so long as it does not take too long. If something unforeseen (1) occurs during the prayer, a man declares “Subḥāna Allāh,” while a woman claps by striking the inside of one hand against the back of the other.

The prayer is invalidated by a completely black dog (2) passing in front of the worshiper.

Section
[The Pillars and Obligatory Elements of the Prayer]

Its pillars are:
—standing in an obligatory prayer for anyone who is not excused (3);
—the opening takbīr;
—reciting Sūrat al-Fātiḥah;
—rukūʿ (bowing);
—rising fully upright from it;
—sujūd (prostration);
—rising from it;
—sitting between the two prostrations;
—composure in all of the above;
—the final tashahhud;
—sitting for it and for the salutation;
—maintaining the prescribed order;
—and the taslīm.

Its obligatory elements are:
—the takbīrs of movement;
—saying “Samiʿa Allāhu liman ḥamidah” and “Rabbanā laka-l-ḥamd”;
—saying once the tasbīḥ of rukūʿ and of sujūd (4);
—saying “Rabbi’ghfir lī” between the two prostrations;
—and the first tashahhud together with its sitting.

Everything else mentioned earlier is sunnah; no prostration of forgetfulness is prescribed for omitting it, though if one does prostrate there is no harm.

Whoever deliberately leaves an obligatory element invalidates his prayer, whereas if he omits it out of forgetfulness he must perform the prostration of forgetfulness.