Missed prayers—whether one or many—must be made up at once and in the original order, unless he has forgotten an earlier prayer or fears that the preferred time (1) for the current prayer will lapse.

Among the preconditions is covering the private parts (awrah). The covering must be of material that does not show the color of the skin.

• The awrah of a man or a female slave is what lies between the navel and the knees.
• For a free, adult woman, her entire body is awrah during the prayer except for the face.

It is sunnah for a man to pray in two garments; in a voluntary prayer it is enough for him to cover his awrah, while in an obligatory prayer he must also cover one of his shoulders (2)(3). For a woman, the sunnah is to pray in a chemise, a khimar, and a wrapper, although merely covering her awrah fulfils the requirement.

If part of the awrah becomes exposed in an immodest and prolonged manner, or if he prayed in a garment that is forbidden for him to wear or that is impure, he must repeat the prayer. He may, however, pray in silk when no other clothing is available (4), and one who is imprisoned in an impure garment prays as he is and does not have to repeat (5).

Whoever possesses cloth sufficient to cover his awrah must do so; if not, he covers both front and back. If the cloth is enough for only one of them, the posterior has priority. He should then pray sitting, and—by way of recommendation—gesture for bowing and prostration (6). Anyone offered a covering on loan must accept it.

Those without clothing pray in congregation, their imam standing in the middle as an obligation, with each group praying by itself (7).

A naked person prays seated, indicating the movements with gestures as a recommended practice; and if, while in the prayer, he finds a nearby covering, he should use it.