Section
[The Manner of Performing the Ritual Bath]

The complete bath consists of: forming the intention, pronouncing the basmala, washing the hands three times together with whatever they have soiled, performing minor ablution, then pouring three handfuls of water over the head until it is well soaked (1), washing the entire body three times—beginning with the right side—while rubbing it (2), and washing the feet in a separate place.

The minimally valid bath is to intend, mention the name of Allah, and wash the whole body once.

It is recommended to perform minor ablution with one mudd of water and the bath with one saʿ (3); wastefulness is disliked. If one achieves thorough washing without a separate ablution, or combines in the bath the intention to remove both minor and major impurity, or simply intends to make the prayer permissible, that is sufficient.

For someone in a state of major ritual impurity it is sunnah to wash the private parts and to perform ablution before sleeping, eating, or returning to intercourse. Using a public bathhouse is permissible provided no unlawful exposure is feared.

Chapter
[Dry Ablution (Tayammum)]

Tayammum (4) is a substitute for purification with water when one is, in law, unable to use it. Once the time of an obligatory prayer has entered, or a voluntary act that requires purity becomes permissible, and water is unavailable, or its price is exorbitantly high, or a person fears that using it will cause harm (5)