It is permissible to dry the limbs after ablution, and to receive the help of an assistant (1); and if another person performs the ablution for someone, with his permission and while he himself forms the intention, it is valid.

The recommended (sunnah) acts in wuḍūʾ are: using the siwak; washing the hands—unless one has just risen from a night-time sleep that invalidates ablution, in which case the washing becomes obligatory; beginning, before washing (2) the face, with rinsing the mouth and then inhaling water into the nose, being thorough in both for anyone who is not fasting; running the fingers through a thick beard and between the fingers; starting with the right side; rubbing the limbs; taking fresh water for the ears; performing a second and a third wash, while anything beyond that is disliked.

Section: Wiping over Footgear

It is valid to wipe over a khuff (leather sock) or similar footwear, provided it is lawfully worn, covers the area that must be washed, and can stay up by itself. The same applies to a turban that is wound beneath the chin or has a tail and covers the usual part of a man’s head, and to women’s khimars (3) that are wrapped beneath the throat. The concession applies for minor impurity for one day and night to a resident, and for three days and nights to a traveler who is entitled to shorten the prayer.

It is likewise valid to wipe over a jabira (splint) that does not exceed what necessity requires, even in the case of major impurity, until it is removed (4), provided that all of these coverings were put on after complete purification with water.

If someone begins wiping while traveling and then becomes resident, or the reverse, he follows the ruling of a resident. He wipes the outer surface of the turban, and the upper side of the khuff—from the toes up to the shin—without wiping its underside or heel.

Whenever any part of the area that must be washed becomes exposed after a state of impurity, or when the allowed period expires, he must renew his purification.