Umdat at-Talib - Al-Buhuti - (1/50)

Chapter: Wuḍūʾ (Minor Ablution) (1)

Its obligatory elements are:
• washing the face, which includes rinsing the mouth and nose;
• washing the hands together with the elbows;
• wiping the entire head— the ears are included in it;
• washing the feet together with the ankles;
• keeping the prescribed order; and
• maintaining continuity, meaning that one does not delay washing a limb until the previous limb has dried.

The conditions (2) for both wuḍūʾ and ghusl are:
• intention;
• water that is pure and purifying;
• lawful access to that water;
• removal of anything that prevents the water from reaching the skin; and
• the cessation of whatever necessitated purification.

Both acts also require, when one remembers, pronouncing the basmalah (saying “In the name of Allah”), making the intention at that moment or shortly beforehand to lift the state of impurity or to attain ritual purity for the prayer, for example.

If instead he intends an act for which purification is recommended—such as Qur’an recitation, giving the adhān, dispelling doubt, or calming anger—or he intends merely to renew his wuḍūʾ while forgetting his state of minor impurity, or he performs ghusl for the Friday or ʿĪd prayer, his impurity is nevertheless removed.

If several invalidating states are present and he intends purification from any one of them, they are all lifted.

(1) Wudu (ablution) – when the first vowel is pronounced "u" – designates the act performed by the worshipper; it comes from the root meaning brightness and cleanliness, because it purifies and adorns the person. When the first vowel is "a," it refers to the water used for the ablution. Legally, wudu is the ritual use of lawful pure water to wash the four limbs—face, hands, head, and feet—in a prescribed manner. (2) Manuscripts A and C read: “wa-yushtarat” (“and it is required”).

باب الوضوء (١) فُرُوضُه: غَسلُ الوجه، ومِنه فمٌ وأنفٌ، وغسلُ اليدين مع المِرْفقين، ومسحُ الرأس كلِّه -ومنه الأذنان-، وغسلُ الرِّجْلين معَ الكَعبين، وترتيبٌ، ومُوالاةٌ؛ بأن لا يؤخِّر غَسل عُضوٍ حتَّى يجفَّ ما قبله. وشُرط (٢) له ولغُسلٍ: نيةٌ، وطهوريةُ ماءٍ، وإباحتُه، وإزالةُ ما يَمنع وصولَه، وانقطاعُ مُوجِب. وتَجِبُ فيهما: التسميةُ مع الذِّكر، فينوي عندها أو قَبلها بيسيرٍ رفعَ الحدث أو الطَّهارة للصَّلاة مثلًا، وإنْ نوى ما يُسنُّ لهُ: كقراءةٍ وأذانٍ ورفع شكٍّ وغضبٍ، أو نوى التجديد ناسياً حدثه، أو الغسل لنحو جُمعة أو عيدٍ ارتفعَ حَدثُه. وإنْ تنوَّعت أَحْداثٌ فنوى أَحَدَها ارْتفعَ كُلُّها.

(١) الوضوء -بضم الواو-: فعل المتوضئ، من الوضاءة، وهي النظافة والحسن؛ لأنه ينظف المتوضئ ويحسنه، وبفتحها اسم لما يتوضأ به. والوضوء شرعا: استعمال ماء طهور مباح في الأعضاء الأربعة، وهي: الوجه واليدين والرأس والرجلين على صفة مخصوصة. (٢) في (أ) و (ج): "ويشترط".