A purification carried out with a prohibited vessel is nonetheless valid. The vessels and garments of unbelievers may also be used when their condition is unknown. The hide of an unslaughtered dead animal is not purified by tanning; however, once tanned it may be used with dry substances, provided the animal was considered pure while alive (1). Every part of such a carcass—and even its milk—is impure (2), except for items like hair and wool. Whatever is severed from a living creature shares the same ruling as its carcass (3).