Umdat at-Talib - Al-Buhuti - (1/180)

Section
A grandfather is excluded by the father, and any more remote ancestor is excluded by the nearer. Grandmothers are excluded by the mother; a grandson through a son is excluded by the son; full siblings are excluded by the father. The son, the grandson, and paternal siblings are excluded by the aforementioned (ancestors) and by a full brother. A maternal sibling is excluded by a child, a grandchild through a son, the father, and the grandfather.

Chapter on ʿAṣabah (Residuary Heirs)
(1) The closest residuary is the son, followed by his son, however far the line may descend; then the father, then his father and those above him, whose ruling together with siblings has already been mentioned. Next comes the full brother, then the paternal brother, and then their sons (2) in that order. After them are the full paternal uncle, then the paternal uncle, followed by their sons in the same manner; then the uncles of the father and their sons, and finally the uncles of the grandfather and their sons, each nearer relative taking precedence over the more remote.

Thus a paternal brother has priority over a nephew through a full brother, and a nephew through a paternal brother (3) has priority over a grand-nephew through a full brother. When only one residuary remains, he takes the entire estate or whatever is left after the fixed shares; if two residuaries of equal degree remain, they share equally. Should no blood-related residuary exist, the emancipator inherits, followed by his agnatic kin, the nearest then the next.

A brother’s daughter does not inherit in the presence of the brother, nor does a cousin’s daughter inherit alongside the male cousin (4), and a paternal aunt does not inherit when a paternal uncle is present.

(1) ʿasabah—plural of ʿasib, from the root ʿasb (to bind). In juristic usage, an ʿasib is an heir who receives no fixed share; he takes the entire estate or whatever is left after the prescribed portions. (2) Manuscript J reads: “their sons.” (3) Manuscript A reads: li-umm (on the maternal side). (4) The word ʿamm (“paternal uncle”) is omitted in manuscript J.

فصْل يَسْقطُ جَدٌّ بِأَبٍ، وأَبعدُ بأَقْرب، والجدَّات بالأُم، وولدُ الإبنِ بالإبنِ، وَوَلدُ الأَبَوينِ بالأَبِ، والإبنُ وابنُ الإبنِ ووَلدُ الأَب بهم وبالأخِ لأبوين، وَوَلدُ الأُم بالوَلدِ، وَوَلدِ الإبن، والأب، والجد. باب العَصَبَة (١) أَقْربُهم ابنٌ فابنه وإنْ نَزَل، ثم أبٌ ثم أبوه وإنْ عَلا، وتَقَدَّمَ حكمُه مَعَ إخوَة، ثم أَخٌ لأبوين، ثم لأب، ثم ابناهما (٢) كذلك، ثم عمٌّ لأبَوَين ثم لأب، ثم ابناهما كذلك، ثم أعمام أبيه ثم بنوهم كذلك، ثم أعمام جده ثم بنوهم كذلك الأقرب فالأقرب. فأخٌ لأب أولى من ابن أخ لأبوين، وابن أخ لأب (٣) أَوْلى من ابن ابن أخ لأبوين، وإذا انفرد عاصِبٌ أَخَذَ كُلَّ المال أو ما أبقت الفروضُ، وإن استوى عاصِبَان اشتركا، فإن عُدم عَصَبَةُ النَّسب ورث المُعْتَقُ ثم عَصَبَتُهُ الأقرب فالأقرب. ولا ترث بنت أخ مع أخ، ولا بنت عم مَع ابن عم (٤) ، ولا عَمَّة مع عم

(١) العصبة: جمع عاصب، من العصب وهو الشد. والعاصب اصطلاحاً: من يرث بلا تقدير، فيأخذ المال كله، أو ما أبقت الفروض. (٢) في (ج): "أبناؤهما". (٣) في (أ): "لأم". (٤) قوله: "عم" ساقط من (ج).