Umdat at-Talib - Al-Buhuti - (1/162)

Chapter: Sabq (Racing for a Stake) (1)

Competitions may be held on foot, with any kind of animal, with ships and the like, but a monetary stake is lawful only in races involving camels, horses, or in archery.

Both mounts must be identified and belong to the same species; the archers and the shooting distance must be fixed according to customary practice; the two bows must be of the same type; and the arrangement must be free of any resemblance to gambling.

Either party may cancel the agreement, and an archery contest is valid only when the target is specified and the contestants are competent archers.

Chapter: ʿĀriyah (Loan for Use) (2)

It is valid to lend any item whose use is lawful, except sexual enjoyment, a Muslim slave to a non-Muslim for service, and game to a person in the state of pilgrimage.

A young female slave may only be lent to a male relative within the prohibited degrees of marriage or to a woman.

If someone lends a wall for another to rest his beams upon, he may not revoke the permission until the wall collapses, and he may not charge rent for it. If the wall does collapse, the borrower may not replace his beams without the owner’s consent.

(1) sabq (reaching the finish line before someone else) and sabaq (with the open bā), the stake or prize that contestants seek to win. In juristic usage, it refers to a race or competition involving animals or comparable means of conveyance. (2) ʿariyya (with or without the doubling of the yā) is derived linguistically from the idea of being stripped bare, because it is devoid of any payment; other etymologies have also been proposed. In Islamic law it denotes a tangible object lent for use without any compensation.

باب السَّبَق (١) يَصحُّ على الأَقْدَامِ، وسائرِ الحيوانات، والسُّفن ونحوها، لا بِعِوَضٍ إلا في إبلٍ وخيلٍ وسِهَامٍ. ولابُد من تعيين المَرْكُوبين، واتحادهما نوعًا، والرُّماة والمسافة بقدرٍ مُعْتادٍ واتحادِ نَوْعِ القوسين، وخروجٍ عن شَبَه قِمارٍ. ولكلٍّ فَسْخُهُمَا، ولا تصح مُناضلةٌ إلا على مُعَين يُحسنُ الرَّمي. باب العاريّة (٢) تصح إعارةُ كُلّ ذي نفعٍ مُباح، غير البُضْع وعَبدٍ مسلمٍ لكافرٍ يخدمه، وصَيدٍ لمحُرمٍ. ولا تُعَارُ أَمَةٌ شَابّةٌ لغير مَحْرمٍ أو امرأةٍ. ومَن أَعَارَ حَائِطاً لوضعِ خَشَبٍ لم يرجع حتى يسقط، ولا أُجرة، فإن سَقَطَ لم يردّ بلا إذْنه.

(١) السبْق: بلوغ الغاية قبل غيره، وَالسَّبَقُ -بِفَتْحِ الْبَاءِ-: الجعل يتسابق عليه. وهو شرعاً: المجاراة بين حيوان ونحوه. (٢) العارية -بتخفيف الياء وتشديدها- لغةً: من العري وهو التجرد لتجردها عن العوض، وقيل غير ذلك. وشرعاً: العين المأخوذة للإنتفاع بها بلا عوض.