Chapter
[The Spatial and Temporal Miqats]

The miqat for the people of Madinah is Dhuʾl-Hulayfah; for those coming from Egypt and the Maghrib it is al-Juhfah near Rabigh; for Yemen, Yalamlam; for Najd, Qarn; and for those arriving from the East, Dhāt ʿIrq. These points apply to their own inhabitants and to anyone who passes by them from elsewhere.

It is impermissible for a legally accountable person to cross a miqat without entering ihram if he intends to reach Mecca, to perform any pilgrimage rite, or if the rite is already obligatory upon him. One who is performing Hajj from within Mecca enters ihram there, whereas his ʿumrah must be initiated from outside the sanctuary (al-ḥill).

The months of Hajj are Shawwal, Dhuʾl-Qiʿdah, and the first ten days of Dhuʾl-Hijjah. It is disliked to enter ihram before reaching the miqat or to enter ihram for Hajj before its months, although both remain valid.

Chapter
[Concerning Ihram]

Ihram is the intention to undertake the rite. It is recommended for the one about to enter ihram to bathe—or perform tayammum if unable—to cleanse himself, apply perfume, remove tailored garments, don a clean white izār and ridāʾ, and to enter ihram immediately after a prayer; the intention itself is a prerequisite.

It is further recommended to say: “O Allah, I intend to perform such-and-such a rite; make it easy for me and accept it from me. If I am prevented, then my place of release is where I am prevented.”

The best of the modes of pilgrimage is tamattuʿ: one enters ihram for ʿumrah during the months of Hajj, completes it, and then