Umdat at-Talib - Al-Buhuti - (1/109)

Umdat at-TalibAl-Buhuti

Section
(On what is disliked and what is recommended while fasting)

It is disliked for the fasting person to gather his saliva and swallow it, or to taste food or strong gum; should he sense the taste of either in his throat, his fast is broken. Chewing gum that dissolves (1) is absolutely unlawful (2), and swallowing phlegm likewise invalidates the fast. A kiss and any other preliminaries to intercourse are disapproved for the one whom they arouse, and lying, backbiting, and abusive speech must all be avoided.

It is recommended, when one is insulted, to reply, “I am fasting,” to delay the pre-dawn meal, to hasten the breaking of the fast, and to do so with fresh dates; if none are available, then with dried dates, otherwise with water. Upon breaking the fast he should say: “O Allah, for Your sake I have fasted, and with the provision You have granted I break my fast. Glory and praise be to You. O Allah, accept it from me; indeed, You are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing.” (3)

[Making Up Missed Days of Ramadan]

Whoever has missed days of Ramadan must make up the same number of days. It is recommended to do so immediately and consecutively. Delaying the make-up until the next Ramadan without an excuse is forbidden; if he does so, he must, along with fasting, feed one needy person for each day. And if he dies.

(1) The word "yatahallal" ("dissolves") is missing from manuscript B. (2) Manuscript B inserts the parenthetical comment: "i.e., whether he swallowed his saliva or not." (3) Reported by Ibn al-Sunni, Amal al-Yawm wa-l-Layla, no. 481. A sound narration on the subject is that of Abd Allah b. Umar: when the Messenger of Allah broke his fast he would say, "The thirst has gone, the veins are moistened, and the reward is confirmed, if Allah wills." Related by Abu Dawud, Sunan, no. 2357, and Ibn al-Sunni, Amal al-Yawm wa-l-Layla, no. 479; its chain was judged hasan (reliable) by Imam al-Daraqutni and others. See Ujulat al-Raghib al-Mutamanni, 2/545.

فصلٌ [في المكروهات والمسنونات في الصيام] كُره لصائمٍ جَمْعُ ريقه فيبلعه، وذَوْقُ طعامٍ وعِلْكٍ قويِّ، فإنْ وَجَدَ طَعْمَهُمَا بِحَلْقه أفطر، وحرُم مضغُ عِلْكٍ يتحلَّل (١) مطلقًا (٢) ، وبلعُ نُخامةٍ ويفطر بها، وتُكره قُبْلةٌ ودواعي وَطْء لمن تُحرِّكُ شهوتَه، ويجب اجتنابُ كذبٍ وغيبةٍ وشَتْمٍ. وسُنَّ لمن شُتم قولُ: "إني صائم" ، وتأخيرُ سحورٍ، وتعجيلُ فطرٍ، وكونُه على رطبٍ، فإنْ لم يكن فتمرٌ، وإلاَّ فماءٌ، وقوله عنده: "اللَّهم لك صُمْتُ، وعلى رزقك أفطرتُ، سبحانك وبحمدك، اللَّهمَّ تقبَّل منِّي إنك أنت السميع العليم" (٣) . [[قضاء رمضان] ] ومَنْ فاته رمضانُ قضى عددَ أيامِه، وسُن فورًا متتابعًا، ويحرمُ تأخيرُه إلى رمضان آخر بلا عذرٍ، فإنْ فعلَ أطعمَ لكلِّ يومٍ مسكينًا مع القضاء، وإنْ ماتَ

(١) قوله: "يتحلل" ساقط من (ب). (٢) هنا عبارة مقحمة من (ب) ونصها: "أي: سواء بلع ريقه أو لا". (٣) رواه ابن السني في "عمل اليوم والليلة" رقم: (٤٨١) وقد صحَّ في الباب حديث عبد الله بن عمر - رضي الله عنه - قال: كان رسولُ الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - إذا أفطر قال: "ذهب الظمأ وابتلت العروق وثبت الأجر إن شاء الله" رواه أبو داود في "السنن" (٢٣٥٧) وابن السني في "عمل اليوم والليلة" رقم: (٤٧٩)، وحسَّن إسناده الإمامُ الدارقطنيُ وغيرُه. انظر: "عجالة الراغب المتمني" (٢/ ٥٤٥).