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and the disbelief of those among the Jews (1) and others (2) who openly acknowledged the prophethood of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace).
As for the answer to the second question—what takes a Muslim out of Islam, making him an apostate?—it comes down to three matters:
First: whatever opposes affirmation of the two testimonies of faith, namely the types of
(1) Such as the man who asked the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) several questions. When he answered him, the Jewish man said, “You have indeed spoken the truth, and you are certainly a prophet,” then turned away and left! Reported by Muslim (315).
(2) Such as Heraclius, ruler of the Byzantines. His account appears in al-Bukhārī (7) and Muslim (1773), in the hadith narrated by Ibn ʿAbbās from Abū Sufyān.”
وكفر مَن أظهر الاعتراف بنبوة النبي ﷺ من اليهود (١) وغيرِهم (٢).
وأما الجواب عن السؤال الثاني:
وهو: بم يَخرج المسلمُ عن الإسلام، بحيث يصيرُ مرتدًا؟
فجِماعُه ثلاثةُ أمور:
الأول: ما يضادُّ الإقرارَ بالشهادتين، وهو أنواعُ
(١) كالذي سأل النبي ﷺ عن مسائل فلما أجابه؛ قال اليهودي: «لقد صدقت، وإنك لنبي، ثم انصرف فذهب!» رواه مسلم (٣١٥).
(٢) كهرقل عظيم الروم، وقصته في البخاري (٧)، ومسلم (١٧٧٣) من حديث ابن عباس عن أبي سفيان﴾.