That said, I know of none of the earlier imams who spoke in these terms; rather, this distinction was attributed to the early generations in the writings of some later scholars (1).
With this classification and clarification = two questions can now be answered:
First: How does someone who has never been Muslim enter Islam and acquire the legal status of a Muslim?
Second: How does a Muslim leave Islam and thus become an apostate?
As for the answer to the first question:
A disbeliever enters Islam and acquires the legal status of a Muslim by affirming the two testimonies—that there is no god worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. Whoever affirms this with his tongue but not in his heart = is accorded the outward legal status of a Muslim.
If he affirms this both outwardly and inwardly = then he is a Muslim in