4 – It is strongly recommended to engage abundantly in supplication and seeking forgiveness during the last part of the night, as the Qurʼānic verses and prophetic reports indicate. Deeds carried out in private are superior to those performed openly, and sincerity is the greatest pillar of worship.
5 – Shaykh al-Islām said: “When a person rises at night, prayer is better than mere recitation outside of prayer; the leading scholars of Islam have stated this explicitly, for the Prophet ﷺ said: ‘Know that the best of your deeds is the prayer’ (Ibn Mājah 277). Yet if someone finds greater energy, reflection, and understanding in recitation unaccompanied by prayer, then what is of greatest benefit to him is preferable in his case.”
There are certain invented prayers for which Allah has sent down no authority. Among them are:
First: Gathering on the night of mid-Shaʿbān, performing a congregational prayer, and keeping vigil that night. All of this is an innovation in religion; there is no evidence for reviving the night or for assigning it a special prayer.
Second: Shaykh Taqī al-Dīn said: “Instituting a prayer with a fixed number of units and a set portion of recitation, at a specific time, to be performed regularly in congregation is an unlawful act by consensus of the Muslim scholars; only an ignorant innovator would introduce it.”
Third: Ṣalāt al-Raghāʾib—twelve rakʿahs on the first Friday night of Rajab—is a newly originated innovation; it is not recommended, whether performed in congregation or individually.
Fourth: Ṣalāt al-Alfiyyah is a misguided innovation. Al-Nawawī said: “Ṣalāt al-Raghāʾib and Ṣalāt al-Alfiyyah are two reprehensible, detestable innovations. Do not be deceived by the ḥadiths cited about them, for they are false.”
Fifth: Ṣalāt al-Tasbīḥ. Shaykh al-Islām said: “Aḥmad and the leading Companions explicitly regarded it as disliked, and no Imām ever recommended it. Abū Ḥanīfah, Mālik, and al-Shāfiʿī never even heard of it.”
Sixth: Shaykh al-Islām said: “The foundational rule in Islam is that acts of worship are strictly prescriptive; nothing is deemed legitimate except what Allah and His Messenger have legislated.”