including Tarāwīḥ in Ramadan, has not been restricted to any fixed number of rakʿahs; therefore, no censure is due to the one who adds to it, nor to the one who performs fewer. All of it falls under the Sunnah and faithful adherence. The point is that it should never become a cause of argument or discord among Muslims—especially the pious and devout, who are looked to as exemplars of goodness. Since the imams agree on the legitimacy of standing in prayer yet differ on the preferable number of units, and since this is a matter open to ijtihād, each person may act upon the conclusion his own reasoning yields. As for declaring others misguided or ignorant, that is not the manner of true scholars. Allah knows best.

6 – Shaykh al-Islām said: Tarāwīḥ in Ramadan is a recommended Sunnah by the unanimous agreement of the early generations and the imams of the Muslims. It is also called the standing of Ramadan, and it is to be offered at the beginning of the night, for the people used to pray it at that time in ʿUmar’s day. It is invalid before the ʿIshāʾ prayer; whoever offers it before ʿIshāʾ has followed the path of innovators who oppose the Sunnah. When dawn breaks, its time has ended by consensus.

7 – Imām Ahmad (20910) and al-Tirmidhī (802), who deemed the report sound, narrated that the Prophet ﷺ said, “Whoever stands with the imam until he departs will have recorded for him the reward of spending an entire night in prayer.” This is an encouragement to perform the prayer with the imam. Imām Mālik (253) also narrated that ʿUmar ibn al-Khattāb ordered Ubayy ibn Kaʿb and Tamīm al-Dārī, may Allah be pleased with them, to lead the people in prayer, and the narrator said, “We would not disperse until the first light of dawn.”

8 – Shaykh Taqī al-Dīn recommended reviving the last ten nights, for al-Bukhārī (2024) and Muslim (1174) report that “when the last ten (nights) began, the Prophet ﷺ would enliven the night, wake his family, and tighten his waist-cloth.” The Companions and Successors used to prolong the prayer during those nights until shortly before daybreak, as is established through multiple chains. Al-Majd said: “If they perform voluntary prayers in congregation after a brief sleep, or toward the end of the night, it is not disliked,” and Imām Ahmad stated this explicitly.

9 – Shaykh al-Islām said: Reciting the Qur’an in Tarāwīḥ is a Sunnah agreed upon by all Muslims, for it constitutes the essence