Third: If acting by proxy in bodily acts of worship were valid, it would necessarily be valid in the acts of the heart as well—faith (īmān), patience (ṣabr), gratitude (shukr), contentment (riḍā), reliance on God (tawakkul), fear, hope, and the like—so that legal obligations would no longer rest upon each individual in person, since he could delegate them to another.
All the verses cited earlier are sweeping general statements revealed as an argument against the unbelievers, rebutting their notion that some of them could bear the sins of others.
The best deed is the one performed consistently.
One of the Lawgiver’s aims in prescribing works is that the legally responsible person persevere in them. God, Exalted is He, says, “those who are constant in their prayer” (Q 70:23). The Prophet said, “The deed most beloved to Allah is the one its doer performs regularly, even if it is little.”
Accordingly, when a person wishes to embark on a non-obligatory act, he should not look only at how easy it is to begin; he must first consider what it will lead to. Hardship can overtake him from two directions: (1) the severity of the duty itself—because of its number or its inherent weight; (2) the demand to persist in it, even when the act is, in itself, light.
The Sharia is universal unless a proof establishes an exception.
With respect to those who are legally responsible, the Sharia is comprehensive and all-embracing; no general ruling is addressed to one group to the exclusion of another. Several considerations attest to this:
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The textual evidence. God the Exalted says, “We have sent you only as a messenger to all mankind” (Q 34:28). The Prophet said, “I have been sent to the red and the black.” Verses and reports of this sort all show that the mission is universal, not restricted.
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Because the rulings are instituted for the welfare of God’s servants, and all of them stand equal in relation to those benefits, if the rulings had been laid down for a particular group only, they would not have been instituted for that welfare.