for he ﷺ is the exemplar and model in all actions, and his example is singled out here with regard to prayer only because of the latter’s supreme importance.

5 – A person who learns the prayer by imitating someone else is not harmed, nor is his own prayer undermined, when he watches the other’s performance closely in order to learn.

6 – If a worshipper means by his own prayer to teach others how to pray, that intention does not diminish or impair his prayer in the least.

7 – It is permissible for someone to praise his own work and vouch for it when there is a genuine benefit and no desire for ostentation. Joseph said, “Indeed, I am a good guardian and knowledgeable” (Yusuf 12:55). Ibn Masʿūd said, “If I knew of anyone more learned than I in the Book of Allah, I would travel to him.”