the fact that all of them are the Speech of Allah, He—exalted is He—has said: “Whatever verse We abrogate or cause to be forgotten, We bring forth one better than it or one equal to it” (2:106). Thus He informed us that He may bring something better, or something equal, which proves that at times verses are on the same level and at other times one is superior to another.
Likewise, the Torah, the Gospel, and the Qur’an are all the Speech of Allah, yet every Muslim knows that the Qur’an is superior to the other two. The claim that some of Allah’s Speech excels other parts is the view transmitted from the early generations and adopted by the leading jurists of the four schools and others besides them. Statements upholding this view are abundant and widespread in many works. Whoever affirms a hierarchy within the Speech of Allah is supported by the Book, the Sunnah, and the transmitted reports, together with clear rational proofs that corroborate his position; and affirming such excellence does not imply that the text accorded lesser merit is in any way blameworthy or deficient.
Once it is established—by revelation and by the consensus of the predecessors—that certain parts of the Qur’an are more excellent than others, the question remains: in what sense does “Say: He is Allah, the One” equal one-third of the Qur’an?
The answer: Several explanations have been offered; the best of them—Allah knows best—is the one cited from Ibn Surayj: the Qur’an was revealed in three main themes—one-third dealing with rulings, one-third with promises and threats, and one-third with the divine names and attributes—and this sūrah gathers the names and attributes.
- A concise indication of the meanings of this noble sūrah:
“Say”: pronounce these words with certainty, conviction, and full awareness of what you are saying.
“He is Allah, the One”: He possesses absolute oneness and uniqueness; He alone has perfect attributes, the most beautiful names, and wise actions.
“Allah al-Ṣamad”: the One to whom every creature turns to have its needs and concerns fulfilled; none can give or withhold except Him.