divorce.” Thus, love and aversion apply without restriction to persons, attributes, and deeds.
Issue Three: No obligation involves undue hardship.
The Lawgiver did not intend to impose on people any burdensome duty—though within their capacity—that departs from what they were accustomed to before the revelation. The proof for this rests on several points:
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Scriptural evidence. Allah says, “He relieves them of their burden” (Q 7:157); “Allah intends ease for you and does not intend hardship for you” (Q 2:185); and “He has not placed upon you in the religion any hardship” (Q 22:78). The Prophet said, “I was sent with the upright, easy-going religion.”
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The recognized dispensations: the concession of shortening the prayer, breaking the fast, and consuming prohibited items in cases of necessity. These concessions decisively confirm the general removal of hardship and strain. Likewise, the prohibition of excessiveness and affected austerity that would interrupt the regular performance of deeds makes the same point. Had the Lawgiver aimed at hardship, there would have been no concessions or alleviations at all.
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The consensus that such hardship is absent from the prescribed duties themselves. This consensus demonstrates that the Lawgiver never intended it; if it did occur, contradiction and inconsistency would enter the Sharia, and that is inconceivable.
This does not mean that all difficulty is excluded from religious obligation. There is no dispute that the Lawgiver enjoins duties that entail some degree of effort, yet such effort is not, in common practice, considered hardship—just as earning a livelihood through work is not deemed hardship, for it is feasible and customary, and people regard one who abandons it as merely lazy.
This is the standard for distinguishing between a difficulty that is not customarily viewed as hardship and one that is. If perseverance in an act would lead to abandoning it altogether—or in part—or would cause harm to the doer, whether to his person, property, or any aspect of his circumstances—