sitting of the prayer.

4 – Imam al-Haramain said: What I consider the proper definition of incapacity is that standing imposes such hardship that it eliminates one’s khushuʿ (devotional humility), for khushuʿ is the very objective of the prayer.

5 – Al-Nawawi said: The entire ummah is agreed that anyone unable to stand in an obligatory prayer performs it seated; he need not repeat the prayer, and his reward is not reduced, based on the hadith.

Shaykh al-Islam said: Whoever intends good and does whatever he can will have the same reward as the one who actually carries out the deed.