“al-ḥamd,” joined by the conjunction wāw.

(b) “An amount that would fill the heavens and the earth” — this phrase magnifies their vast expanse and countless magnitude. In other words: Our Lord, You deserve such praise that, were it something tangible, it would fill all of that.

(c) “And an amount that would fill whatever else You will” — namely, of Your boundless dominion of which we have no knowledge.

(d) “You are worthy of praise and glory” — meaning, You alone merit the praise with which every creature lauds You; and glory denotes the utmost degree and abundance of honor.

(e) “The truest words a servant can say” — that is, You are most entitled to whatever laudation and commendation a servant voices for You.

(f) “And all of us are Your servant” — echoing the noble verse: “There is none in the heavens or on the earth but will come to the All-Merciful as a servant” ⦗Maryam 19:93⦘; every creature in the heavens and on earth acknowledges servitude to Allah, coming to Him humbled and compliant on the Day of Resurrection.

(g) “None can withhold what You give” — nothing can bar what You have willed to grant.

(h) “Nor can anyone give what You withhold” — no one can bestow upon the one whom, in Your wisdom and justice, You have chosen to deprive.

(i) “And the fortune of the fortunate avails him nothing against You” — jadd here means wealth or good luck: a person’s riches and fortune will not benefit him before You, will not protect him from punishment nor earn him reward. Benefit comes only from what Your will alone decrees.

Al-Nawawī said: In this supplication lie perfect reliance upon Allah, admission of His absolute power and greatness, His dominance and sovereignty, His exclusive oneness, and His governance of every creature.