3 – It is recommended to make the first rakʿah longer than the second in the Dhuhr and ʿAsr prayers. Shaykh al-Islam said: “It is desirable to prolong the first two rakʿahs and shorten the last two in light of this report, and this is the position of the overwhelming majority of the hadith-based jurists.”
4 – The best practice is for the recitation in Dhuhr and ʿAsr to be silent.
5 – There is no harm in raising one’s voice for part of the recitation in a normally silent prayer, especially when a benefit is intended, such as teaching or reminding the congregation. The Prophet ﷺ would occasionally recite some verses aloud, and it is likely that he did so to demonstrate the permissibility of it.
6 – It is recommended to content oneself with al-Fātiḥah alone in the last two rakʿahs of ʿAsr, Dhuhr, and ʿIshāʾ, as well as in the third rakʿah of Maghrib; the matter will be examined in detail, God willing.
7 – Everything mentioned in the hadith constitutes the Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ.
8 – The Companions thought that the Prophet ﷺ lengthened the first rakʿah so that late-comers might still catch it, for the narrator Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “We used to think he did that so that the people could catch the rakʿah.” Reported by Ibn Khuzaymah and Ibn Hibban.
9 – Reciting further Qur’an after al-Fātiḥah is not obligatory; if one were to limit himself to al-Fātiḥah alone, the prayer would still be valid by unanimous agreement of the scholars. Nevertheless, it is disliked to do so, whether in an obligatory or a supererogatory prayer, because it runs contrary to the Sunnah.
10 – Musnad Aḥmad (11393) and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim (452) relate that “the Prophet ﷺ would make the last two rakʿahs about half as long as the first two.” Shaykh al-Albānī commented: “This is evidence that adding to al-Fātiḥah in the last two rakʿahs is a Sunnah. A number of Companions, among them Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), held this view, and it is also one of the opinions ascribed to Imām al-Shāfiʿī.”
I would add: It appears that reciting something of the Qur’an after al-Fātiḥah may be done in certain situations.