from bowing and prostration, contrary to the view of those who do not deem it obligatory in these two pillars.

(c) As for the remaining pillars—such as the tashahhud, invoking blessings upon the Prophet ﷺ, and the concluding salām—al-Baghawī stated that they were already known to the questioner.

6 – One performs these pillars in every rakʿah of the prayer, except for the opening takbīr, which belongs solely to the first rakʿah.

7 – With regard to standing upright after bowing, this ḥadith includes the wording, “until you are calmly standing,” while another version says, “straighten your spine until the bones return to their places.” When faced with such variation, scholars first examine whether the two texts actually conflict; in many cases that path is untenable, and the better course is to reconcile the reports wherever possible. If reconciliation proves impossible, we discard the anomalous wording and adhere to what is authentically preserved and weightier.

Here we act upon the phrase “until you are calmly standing,” for it is more emphatic than “until the bones return,” since tranquillity (ṭumaʾnīna) includes the return of the bones and more besides.

8 – Tranquillity (ṭumaʾnīna). Our jurists regard it as the ninth pillar of the prayer, required in bowing, in rising from bowing, in prostration, and in the sitting between the two prostrations. As to its duration, there are two views:
a. Stillness, however brief; this is the majority position.
b. A pause long enough to pronounce the obligatory remembrance. Al-Majd and others judged this the stronger view. Al-Inṣāf explains that the practical upshot is as follows: if the worshipper forgets the tasbīḥ in his bowing or prostration, the taḥmīd while rising, or the plea for forgiveness while sitting, his prayer is valid according to the first view but invalid according to the second. The second view is the sounder determination of the required length of tranquillity.

9 – Tranquillity is obligatory while rising from bowing and while rising from prostration; the evidence for this will be noted, God willing.

10 – Ablution must be performed and perfected for the prayer; it is a prerequisite for its validity.