Tawḍīḥ al-AḥkāmAbd Allah al-Bassam

204 – ʿĀʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said, “Saʿd was wounded on the Day of the Trench, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ pitched a tent for him inside the mosque in order to visit him at close range.” Agreed upon. (1)

Vocabulary of the ḥadith
– The Trench: a ditch which the Prophet ﷺ had dug to the north of Madinah when the polytheists besieged the city in the fifth year after the Hijrah, to prevent the enemy from mounting a surprise assault on the city and its people.
– Saʿd: Saʿd ibn Muʿādh, the chief of the Aws tribe among the Anṣār, one of the noble Companions (may Allah be pleased with him).
– Tent: any dwelling erected from wooden poles or made of wool or cotton, propped up on supports and secured with ropes; plural: tents.
– So that he might visit him: the preposition lām indicates purpose, and the verb it governs is put in the subjunctive for that reason; visiting the sick is called ʿiyādah (visitation of the ill).

Points derived from the ḥadith
1 – Saʿd ibn Muʿādh, one of the leaders of the Anṣār, fought at Badr and Uḥud and was wounded on the Day of the Trench in the median vein of his arm, causing continuous bleeding. The Prophet ﷺ therefore had him nursed in a tent inside the mosque so that he could visit him frequently and so that a woman named Rufaydah, who treated the wounded, could care for him. Saʿd prayed that Allah would not let him die until his eyes were cooled by seeing retribution dealt to Banū Qurayẓah, who had betrayed the Muslims and joined the confederates. Allah answered his supplication, and he did not die until their men had been executed and their women and children taken captive.

(1) Al-Bukhari, hadith 463; Muslim, hadith 1769.
٢٠٤ - وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ قَالَتْ: "أُصِيبَ سَعْدٌ يَوْمَ الخَنْدَقِ، فَضَرَبَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خَيْمَةً فِي المَسْجِدِ؛ لِيَعُودَهُ مِنْ قَرِيْبٍ". مُتَّفَقٌ علَيْهِ (١). ــ * مفردات الحديث: - الخندق: أخدود أحاطه النبي ﷺ على شمال المدينة، لما حاصرها المشركون، عام خمسة من الهجرة؛ ليمنع العدو من الهجوم المباغت على المدينة وأهلها. - سعد: هو: سعد بن معاذ، سيد قبيلة الأوس من الأنصار، من فضلاء الصحابة، ﵁. - خيمة: هو كل بيتٍ يقام من أعواد الشجر، أو يتخذ من الصوف، أو القطن، ويقام على أعواد، ويشد بأطناب، جمعه: خيمات وخيام. - ليعوده: "اللام" للتعليل، والفعل منصوب بها، وزيارة المريض تسمى: عيادة. * ما يؤخذ من الحديث: ١ - سعد بن معاذ أحد سادات الأنصار، شهد بدرًا وأُحُدًا، وأصيبَ يوم الخندق في أكحله، فأصابه نزيف لم يرقأ، فجعله النبي ﷺ يُمَرَّض في خيمة في المسجد؛ ليعوده من قريب، ولتمرضه امرأة، يقال لها: "رفيدة" تعالج المرضى، وسأل ﵁ ربه ألا يميته، حتى يقر عينه بمعاقبة بني قريظة، الذين خانوا وصاروا مع الأحزاب، فاستجاب الله دعاءه، فلم يمت حتى قُتِلَ رجالُهم، وسُبِيَ نساؤُهم وأطفالُهم.
(١) البخاري (٤٦٣)، مسلم (١٧٦٩).

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