It may also refer to private homes, for it is recommended to designate within one’s dwelling a spot for the supererogatory prayers—and, in the case of those not obliged to attend the mosque, even for the obligatory prayers. This is supported by the narration in al-Bukhārī (424), Muslim (263) and others from ʿItbān b. Mālik, who said: “Messenger of Allah, the houses between me and the mosque of my people keep me from reaching it. I would like you to come and pray in a part of my house so that I may take it as a place of worship.” He replied, “We shall do so.” When he entered, he asked, “Which spot do you wish?” I pointed to a corner of the house; the Messenger of Allah ﷺ then stood, and we lined up behind him, and he led us in two rakʿahs.

3 – It is recommended to keep the mosques clean and scented. The Exalted says, “In houses which Allah has permitted to be raised” (al-Nūr 24:36), and He says, “and purify My House …” (al-Ḥajj 22:26).

4 – Revering the sacred ordinances of Allah and the places set apart for His worship. The Exalted says, “Whoever honors the sanctities of Allah, that is best for him with his Lord” (al-Ḥajj 22:30), and He says, “Whoever honors the rituals of Allah—indeed, that stems from the piety of hearts” (al-Ḥajj 22:32).

5 – Sharḥ al-Iqnāʿ states: “It is recommended to protect the mosque from any foul odor—such as that of onion, garlic, leek, and the like—even when no one is inside, because the Prophet ﷺ said, ‘The angels are offended by what offends human beings.’” Reported by Ibn Mājah (3367).

6 – The supererogatory prayers are preferably performed at home, even by those for whom congregational prayer is obligatory. Al-Bukhārī (731) and Muslim (781) relate from Zayd b. Thābit that the Prophet ﷺ said, “The best prayer a person offers is the one he performs in his house, except for the prescribed prayer.”