Intention is of two kinds:
First: the intention that distinguishes habit from worship and one act of worship from another. This is the type the jurists treat in the manuals of positive law.
Second: the intention of the One who is worshipped through the act itself. This is the secret and the very soul of worship. Allah the Exalted says, “They were commanded only to worship Allah, devoting the religion exclusively to Him” (Al-Bayyinah 98:5). This intention is the more important of the two, for sincerity toward the One worshipped is the foundation. A complete act of worship is one in which five stations are fulfilled:
1 – The intention to perform the act itself; an act done without intending it is not worship, and its doer is not seeking nearness to Allah Most High.
2 – The intention regarding the One worshipped: the performer undertakes it solely in pure devotion to Allah.
3 – He carries it out mindful that, by doing so, he is obeying the command of Allah and His Messenger.
4 – While performing it he is conscious that he worships Allah with certitude through that act.
5 – Throughout its performance he keeps before him his emulation of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
Such is the complete and perfect act of worship whose practitioner earns its full reward. Mere intention to do the act, by contrast, only discharges the legal obligation without the great reward.
Points derived from the ḥadīth:
1 – Deeds revolve around intentions with respect to validity and corruption, perfection and deficiency, obedience and sin. Whoever intends by his work to be seen by others has spoiled his deed; whoever engages in jihad, for example, solely to exalt the word of Allah attains full reward; whoever seeks that together with booty receives diminished reward; and whoever seeks booty alone incurs no sin yet is not granted the reward of the combatant. Thus the ḥadīth makes clear that every action—whether outwardly obedient or sinful—varies according to the intention behind it.
2 – Intention is an essential condition for any deed, but over-straining to summon it corrupts