182 – From Abū Juhaim ibn al-Ḥārith (may Allah be pleased with him): the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “If the person who walks in front of someone who is praying knew what sin he incurs, he would find it better to stand and wait for forty than to pass in front of him.” Agreed upon; this is al-Bukhārī’s wording. Al-Bazzār, through a different chain, records it as: “for forty autumns.” (1)

Vocabulary of the ḥadīth
• law: a conditional particle referring to the past; it indicates the non-occurrence of something because another thing did not occur and is therefore called the particle of “non-realization for non-realization.” It introduces a condition and a result but does not make the verbs jussive.
• yaʿlam (he knows): a present-tense verb; it forms the condition (protasis) of law.
• la-kāna (then he would be): the result (apodosis) of law.
• ʾan: a particle that turns the following verb into a verbal noun. The intended sense of the sentence is: “If the passer-by knew what sin he bears for walking in front of the worshipper, his remaining standing for forty would be better for him than passing.”
• mādhā ʿalayhi: mā is an interrogative pronoun in the nominative as the subject; dhā is a relative pronoun meaning “that which,” in the genitive because of annexation to mā; ʿalayhi is its relative clause. The prepositional phrase acts as the predicate of mā.
• khayran: the predicate of kāna, while the subject of kāna is the clause an yaqifa, understood as the verbal noun “his standing.”
• kharīfan (autumns): treated here as figurative metonymy. Al-Miṣbāḥ explains that al-kharīf is the season in which fruit is gathered; it is one of the four seasons of the year whose three zodiacal signs are Libra, Scorpio, and Sagittarius.