the best measures for the well-being of the populace.
Among the evidences for this maxim is the Prophet’s ﷺ saying: “No servant whom Allah entrusts with the care of a people dies while acting dishonestly toward those under his authority but that Allah forbids Paradise to him.” Agreed upon.
The point of evidence here is that any action undertaken without regard for the subjects’ welfare constitutes deceit, and deceit is rejected: it is null and imposes no obligation on anyone.
Imam al-Shafiʿi remarked, “The ruler’s position vis-à-vis his subjects is like that of a guardian toward an orphan.”

Seventh Maxim: “A person is bound by his own admission.”
Linguistically, iqrar (admission) comes from qarra, “to become settled.”
In Sacred Law, an iqrar is a declaration that a right belonging to another is established against oneself.
Thus, technically, a person is held accountable for his statement acknowledging another’s right over him.
The ruling is that an admission constitutes binding proof against the one who makes it and against those who succeed him.
Among the scriptural proofs is the verse: “Let the one upon whom the debt is incumbent dictate, and let him fear Allah, his Lord, and diminish nothing of it” (Quran 2:282).
Some reports further state, “No excuse remains for the one who has made an admission.” Although no authentic chain is known for this wording, its meaning is sound.
A rational proof is that truthfulness is more probable than falsehood in the case of an admitter, for a rational person would not willingly affirm something harmful to himself without cause.
An admission is valid in Sacred Law only from a legally responsible person—one who is of sound mind and has reached puberty; the confession of a minor or a person of unsound mind is invalid.
A retracting of one’s admission is not accepted in matters concerning the rights of human beings, for those rights are founded on exactitude and aversion to loss. It is, however, accepted in matters concerning the rights of Allah—such as ḥudūd penalties that are purely His right—because the rights of Allah are based on lenience and concealment.