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The hadith establishes the juristic maxim of “giving precedence to the more important.” When duties compete and it is impossible to carry them all out, the one of greatest importance must be performed first.
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Shaykh al-Islam said: The best combination is a qamīṣ (long shirt) together with a sirwāl (loose trousers); in that case there is no need for an izār (waist-wrapper) or ridāʾ (mantle). Al-Qāḍī added: It is recommended to wear a qamīṣ, and it is not disliked to pray in a single garment so long as it covers what must be concealed, for in the two Ṣaḥīḥ collections, when the Prophet ﷺ was asked about praying in one garment, he replied, “Does every one of you possess two garments?”
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Al-Nawawī said: There is no disagreement over the permissibility of praying in a single garment, and the scholars unanimously agree that praying in two garments is superior.
Allah, exalted be He, has commanded more than the mere covering of the ʿawrah in prayer; He has ordered us to adorn ourselves, as in His words: “O children of Adam, take your adornment at every place of worship” (Qur’an 7:31). This indicates that the worshipper ought to appear before his Lord in his finest and most beautiful clothes.
Scholarly disagreement
The scholars are unanimous that covering a man’s shoulders in prayer is legislated, but they differ as to whether it is obligatory.
Imām Aḥmad—according to the well-known position of his school—holds that covering at least one shoulder in an obligatory prayer is compulsory for anyone able to do so. Al-Insāf states: “The correct view in the madhhab is that covering one of the shoulders is a condition for the validity of the obligatory prayer,” and this is the opinion of the majority of Ḥanbalī jurists. Some have said that doing so perfects the Qur’anic command to take one’s adornment, reflects proper etiquette, and displays modesty before Allah.
Most other scholars—including the three Imams—maintain that it is not obligatory, that only the ʿawrah must be covered, and that the shoulders are not part of the ʿawrah; they are like the rest of the body.