are given the accusative with an alif and the genitive with a yāʾ.
– hāhunā and hāhunā: hunā is a demonstrative for something near, while hā is a particle of attention that prefixes four kinds of words, one of which is a demonstrative not limited to what is far away, as in this ḥadith.
– iṣbaʿāhu (his two fingers): a figurative usage referring to the fingertip, employing the whole to mean the part.
– lawā ʿunuqahu (he bent his neck): he turned only his head.
– lam yastadir (he did not turn completely around): the verb means “to rotate.” The intended sense is that his body remained facing the qiblah while he bent his neck to the right at “Ḥayya ʿalā ṣ-ṣalāh” (Come to prayer) and to the left at “Ḥayya ʿalā al-falāḥ” (Come to success).

What is derived from the ḥadith

1. The adhan is prescribed, as previously noted, being one of the manifest rites of Islam. The mu’adhdhin places the tips of his index fingers in his ears, for that raises his voice; and when someone at a distance sees him, he knows that the adhan is being given.
2. It is recommended to face the qiblah during the adhan and not to turn one’s whole body to either side during the two ḥayʿalatān. In another report from Aḥmad and others it is stated that he should not turn unless he is on a minaret, intending thereby to make the adhan heard.
3. He turns and bends his neck to the right when he says “Ḥayya ʿalā ṣ-ṣalāh,” and bends it to the left when he says “Ḥayya ʿalā al-falāḥ,” because these are the two phrases that explicitly summon the people to attend the prayer, whereas the remaining sentences of the adhan are pure remembrance.
4. The rest of his body remains facing the qiblah; he neither twists it nor turns his back to it.
5. It is commendable to convey the adhan to the people and let them hear it by any permissible means, such as the modern loudspeakers now in use. They are recommended because of the great benefit they provide and are not considered bidʿah (religious innovation); for an innovation in religion is a newly invented practice that resembles a prescribed act of worship and is adopted in order to exaggerate in devotion to Allah. These devices are not used as an act of worship; they are employed merely to amplify the voice. They are therefore a means of communication and fall under customary matters. Allah knows best.