so it must be repeated, proclaimed in a loud voice, and delivered from an elevated spot. The iqāma, by contrast, is meant only for those already present, and the phrase “qad qāmati ṣ-ṣalāh” is repeated because it expresses the very purpose of the iqāma.

10 – Ibn al-Mulaqqin states that the scholars discern four wisdoms in the adhān:
(a) to display the public emblem of Islam;
(b) to proclaim the word of monotheism;
(c) to announce that the time of prayer has begun and where it will be held;
(d) to summon the community to congregational worship.

11 – The scholars have also listed common mistakes made by muʾadhdhins, among them:
(a) lengthening the hamzah in “ash-hadu,” which turns the phrase into a question;
(b) lengthening the bāʾ in “akbar,” changing the meaning to the plural of kabar, a kind of drum;
(c) pausing at the word “ilāh” and then beginning again with “illā Allāh”;
(d) merging the dāl into the rāʾ in “Muḥammadan rasūl Allāh”;
(e) omitting the hāʾ in “al-ṣalāh,” which would amount to calling people to the Fire;
(f) ending a word while still vocalizing its final vowel.