Tawḍīḥ al-AḥkāmAbd Allah al-Bassam

Fāris remarked that speakers rarely employ the active form ishtaghala, even though it is perfectly admissible.

What may be learned from the ḥadith
1 – The report shows that the Prophet ﷺ was prevented from offering the regular sunnah that follows Ẓuhr, so he made it up after the ʿAṣr prayer.
2 – Umm Salama – may Allah be pleased with her – asked him whether they should do likewise, that is, make up those two rakʿahs at that time if they had missed them. He ruled this out and said, “Do not make them up at this hour.”
3 – The ḥadith therefore indicates that making up the post-Ẓuhr regular sunnah after ʿAṣr is one of the distinctive privileges granted to him ﷺ. Because his duties were many and weighty, Allah allowed him this concession to perfect his reward and deeds, a latitude not extended to others in the realm of supererogatory worship. It belongs to the same category as continuous fasting and the obligation of night prayer, matters detailed in the works on the Prophet’s exclusive characteristics.

فارس: ولا يكادون يقولون: "اشتَغَلَ" بالبناء للفاعل، وهو جائز. * ما يؤخذ من الحديث: ١ - يدلُّ الحديث على أنَّ النَّبي ﷺ شُغِلَ عن الرَّاتبة التي بعد الظهر، فصلاَّها بعد صلاة العصر قضاءً. ٢ - أم سلمة ﵂ سألته هل نفعلُ ذلك، بأنْ نقضي هاتين الركعتين هذا الوقت إذا فاتتا؟ فنفى ذلك، وقال: لا تقضوهما في هذا الوقت. ٣ - دلَّ هذا الحديث على أنَّ قضاءَ راتبة الظهر -التي بعدها- بعد صلاة العصر من خصائصِهِ ﷺ، فَمَهَامُّهُ كثيرة وكبيرة، والله تعالى أعطاه ذلك لتكميل ثوابِهِ وأعماله، ما لم يُعْطَ غيره مِنْ نوافل العبادات، وهي كالوصالِ، ووجوب صلاة الليل، ممَّا هو مذكورٌ في كتب الخصائص. ***

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