weak, and al-Azdi said, “His ḥadīths are objectionable.”
As for Isḥāq, al-Zuhrī remarked, “He transmits ḥadīths as disconnected mursal reports,” while Ibn Saʿd said, “He narrates objectionable traditions, and people do not use his ḥadīths as proof.”
With respect to the extra wording cited by Abū Dāwūd, its chain is broken, for Abū al-Khalīl never heard from Abū Qatādah; in addition, the isnād contains Layth ibn Abī Sulaym, who is weak. Aḥmad declared, “His ḥadīths are internally inconsistent,” and Ibn Maʿīn said, “He is weak in ḥadīth.”
- Vocabulary of the ḥadīth:
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“No prayer after the afternoon prayer, and no prayer after the dawn prayer.” Ibn Daqīq al-ʿĪd explains: When a negation particle is attached to a verb in the Prophet’s wording, it is preferable to understand it as negating the act’s legal validity, not its physical occurrence. Hence the phrase “No prayer after the dawn prayer” negates a prayer that is valid in the Sharʿī sense, not the very act of praying itself. We say this because it is clear that the Lawgiver employs his terms according to his own technical usage, namely the legal one. Moreover, if we construed it as negating all prayer—which manifestly still occurs—we would have to assume an unspoken qualifier to correct the expression; this is what scholars call dalālat al-iqtiḍāʾ (implicative indication).
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naqbur: with the bāʾ read with ḍamma or kasra; it means “we bury the dead in it.”
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“the sun rises” (al-shams bāziġah): bazaghat al-shams tabzughu buzūghan, on the pattern faʿala yafʿulu, meaning the sun has begun to rise.
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ḥīn: a vague term for time that can denote any span, long or short. Here it refers to the moment of zenith.
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qāʾim al-ẓahīrah: literally “the standing of noon.” It describes the sun’s apparent stillness at the zenith—derived from their saying, “his mount qāmat (stood still).” The sense is that when the sun reaches the midpoint of the sky, the movement of the shadow slows until it passes the meridian, so the observer imagines it to have stopped, even though it is still moving, albeit with a motion too subtle to perceive.