and the meticulous, hermetically sealed complexity that places the issue far beyond the understanding and mental reach of ordinary women—such an approach is rejected by these ḥadiths and repelled by the easy-going, gracious principles of the Sharia.

8 – Whatever the Lawgiver has left unrestricted must be acted upon exactly as it appears, without setting any artificial measure or limit. This is the view adopted by many of the leading Hanbali scholars and a considerable number of other jurists, and al-Inṣāf upholds it as the correct opinion.

9 – There is no minimum or maximum length for the interval of purity: as long as blood is present it is menstrual blood, and once the bleeding stops the woman is considered pure. This was validated in al-Kāfī, endorsed in al-Inṣāf, and it is the position of Abū Ḥanīfah and Mālik.