Scholarly disagreement:
The jurists have differed over whether a woman in a state of istiḥāḍah must perform a ritual bath (ghusl) before every prayer.
The majority—including the four Imams Abū Ḥanīfah, Mālik, al-Shāfiʿī and Aḥmad—and this view is likewise transmitted from ʿAlī, Ibn ʿAbbās and ʿĀʾishah, maintain that it is not obligatory, invoking the presumption of original innocence.
They answer the reports that command a ghusl by saying that none of them is soundly established.
Shaykh Ṣiddīq states in his commentary on al-Rawḍah: “No ḥadith requires a ghusl for every prayer, for every two prayers, or every day. What is authentically required is a ghusl when her customary menstrual period ends, or when whatever stands in place of that habit—discerned through indicative signs—comes to an end, as in ʿĀʾishah’s ḥadith in the two Ṣaḥīḥs and elsewhere: ‘When the menstruation begins, leave the prayer; when it finishes, wash the blood from yourself and pray.’”
As for the report in Muslim (334) that Umm Ḥabībah bint Jahsh used to perform a ghusl before each prayer, it is no proof, for she did so on her own initiative and the Prophet ﷺ did not command it. Rather, he told her, “Stay away (from prayer) for the length of time that your menstruation used to keep you, then perform a ghusl.”
Chains of transmission that oblige a ghusl for every prayer are insufficient as evidence, especially when they conflict with what is authenticated in the Ṣaḥīḥ collections and impose severe hardship—while the Sacred Law is gentle and easy. Allah, Exalted is He, says: “He has not placed upon you in the religion any hardship” [al-Hajj: 78].
Some scholars nevertheless deemed a ghusl obligatory for every prayer, acting upon certain ḥadiths recorded in a few of the Sunan works.
The first view is stronger. Shaykh al-Islām said: “A ghusl before every prayer is recommended, not obligatory, according to the four Imams and others. What is obligatory, according to the majority, is that she perform ablution (wuḍūʾ) for each of the five prescribed prayers.”