of the limbs, and because its substitute—namely tayammum—was itself limited, he concluded that the replacement for the full ritual bath, which normally covers the whole body, must likewise be applied to the whole body.
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The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not tell ʿAmmār to repeat the prayer. This shows that a person who worships Allah in an unlegislated manner out of ignorance is instructed for the future but is not required to make up what he missed during his days of ignorance. There are many proofs for this in the law, including this incident and the story of the man who prayed poorly.
Shaykh al-Islām said: Whoever leaves an obligation because he is unaware of it—such as someone who prays without serenity—the correct view is that once the time for that act of worship has passed he is not obliged to repeat it. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said to the man who prayed badly, “Go back and pray, for you have not prayed.” (al-Bukhārī 724; Muslim 397). -
Teaching by word and deed is accomplished through a live demonstration of the required act, what is nowadays called a “visual aid.”
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The breadth and ease of this sacred law, as in His statement: “And He has not placed upon you in the religion any hardship” (Q 22:78).
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The legitimacy of scholars reviewing one another’s ijtihād, for ʿAmmār brought his own reasoning back to the Prophet for clarification.