Tawḍīḥ al-Aḥkām - Abd Allah al-Bassam - (7/526)

Tawḍīḥ al-AḥkāmAbd Allah al-Bassam

6 – According to the creed of Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jamāʿah, Allah’s accompaniment does not mean that He dwells in the places occupied by those with whom He is present, nor that He is intermixed with them. Such a belief is false and is espoused by the hulūliyyah (those who hold the doctrine of indwelling). The people of the Sunnah affirm that He, exalted is He, is high above His Throne, separate from His creation, enjoying absolute exaltedness: exaltedness of essence, of attributes, and of rank. The evidences for this are virtually beyond count.

7 – The most excellent remembrance is that which is spoken by the tongue while the heart is fully attentive. Otherwise, remembrance may be confined either to the heart or to the tongue alone, yet the combination of both is superior.

8 – Remembering Allah is one of the strongest means of deliverance from His punishment.

9 – Hadith (1345) demonstrates that the deeds of human beings—whether acts of obedience, sins, or anything else—occur by their own will and power; they are not coerced into them. Rather, they perform them through the capability, volition, and limbs that Allah has created for them. At the same time, every affair takes place under Allah’s decree and predestination; nothing escapes His will. Whatever Allah wills comes to pass, and whatever He does not will does not occur. There is therefore no conflict between the two principles: all events are by Allah’s will and decree, and the servants themselves carry out their deeds by choice.

10 – Hadith (1346) indicates that the angels travel through the earth to listen to the Quran, to attend gatherings of remembrance, and to report this to their Lord in accordance with His wisdom—though He knows His creation better than they. They encircle assemblies of goodness, circles of knowledge, and the houses of Allah.

11 – The hadith also attests to Allah’s joy when His creatures obey and worship Him, even though He is independent of them and of their worship. Nonetheless, He is pleased with it for His servants because of the perfection of His bounty and mercy toward them and to fulfill the wisdom for which He created them.

٦ - ومذهب أهل السنة والجماعة: أنَّ معيَّة الله تعالى لا تقتضي أن يكون الله تعالى حالاًّ في أمكنة من هو معهم، ولا أنَّه مختلط بهم؛ فهذا معنى باطل يذهب إليه الحلولية. فأهل السنة يرون أنَّه تعالى: عالٍ على عرشه، بائنٌ من خلقه، له العلوُّ الكامل: علو الذات، وعلو الصفة، وعلو القدر، ولا تكاد تحصر أدلة هذه المسألة. ٧ - أنَّ أفضل الذكر هو ما نطق به اللسان، واستحضره القلب، وإلاَّ فيكون ذكر في القلب فقط، أو في اللسان فقط، ولكن هذا هو أفضلها. ٨ - إنَّ ذكر الله تعالى من أقوى الأسباب في النجاة من عذاب الله. ٩ - يدل الحديث (١٣٤٥) على أنَّ أفعال العباد من الطاعات والمعاصي وغيرها، أنَّها كلها واقعة بإرادتهم وقدرتهم، وأنَّهم لم يُجبروا عليها، بل هم الذين فعلوها بما خلق الله لهم من القدرة، والإرادة، والأعضاء. وأنَّ الأمور كلها واقعة بقضاء الله وقدره، فلا يخرج شيء عن مشيئته، وإرادته، فما شاء الله كان، وما لم يشأ لم يكن. وأنَّه لا منافاة بين الأمرين، فالحوادث كلها بمشيئة الله وإرادته، والعباد هم القائمون بأفعالهم المختارون لها. ١٠ - ويدل الحديث رقم (١٣٤٦) على أنَّ الملائكة يطوفون في الأرض لسماع القرآن، وحضور مجالس الذكر، وإعلام ربهم عن ذلك لحكمته، وإلاَّ فهو أعلم منهم بخلقه، وأنّهم يحفُّون مجالس الخير، وحِلَقَ العلم، وبيوتَ الله تعالى. ١١ - ويدل الحديث على فرح الله تعالى بطاعة خلقه له، وعبادتهم إيَّاه، مع غناه عنهم وعن عباداتهم، ولكنه يرضى ذلك لعباده؛ لكمال فضله ورحمته بعباده، وتحقيق حكمته من خلق عباده.