—then do whatever you wish; Allah will recompense you for it—just as He, the Exalted, says: “Do whatever you will; surely He is watching all that you do.” ⦗Fussilat 41:40⦘.
The second way of reading it is that the imperative here functions as a statement of fact: whoever has no sense of shame will act as he pleases, for the only thing that keeps a person from vile deeds is modesty. If that is stripped away, he plunges into every indecency and abomination, whereas the one who still possesses modesty will be restrained. This is like the Prophet’s words, “Whoever deliberately lies about me, let him take his seat in the Fire” ⦗al-Bukhārī 110; Muslim 3⦘; the wording is that of an imperative, yet the meaning is simply informative.
3 – Ibn Rajab (may Allah have mercy on him) then said: Know that modesty is of two kinds:
The first is innate and natural, one of the moral qualities that Allah grants a servant at birth.
The second is acquired, born of knowing Allah’s majesty, sensing His nearness to His servants, His watchfulness over them, and His awareness of the furtive glance and what hearts conceal. This is among the loftiest traits of faith—even among the highest degrees of iḥsān. Modesty can also arise from contemplating His blessings and realizing one’s own shortcomings in showing gratitude. When both the inborn and the acquired modesty are taken from a person, nothing remains to prevent him from committing disgraceful acts.
5 – He also said: The weakness and ineptitude that cause a person to fall short in the rights owed to Allah or to His servants are not modesty; they are simply feebleness, impotence, and humiliation.
6 – The second opinion on the meaning of “If you feel no shame, then do as you wish” takes the command at face value: if what you intend to do is something for which you would feel no shame—neither before Allah nor before people—because it is an act of obedience or a trait of fine character and commendable etiquette, then go ahead and do it. This view was held by a number of leading scholars, including Sufyān al-Thawrī and al-Shāfiʿī, and a similar position is reported from Imām Aḥmad.