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– ghadbān: from ghadiba–yaghdabu (pattern of ʿalima–yaʿlamu); its plural is ghiḍāb. It means that He became angry with someone and sought retribution from him.
This is the purely linguistic aspect. As for the wrath (ghadab) of Allah, it is an attribute that we affirm as real, in a manner befitting His majesty, while consigning the how of that attribute to Him.
Lessons drawn from the ḥadith
- The ḥadith censures pride and self-aggrandizement. Such arrogance shows itself in one’s gait—he struts and swaggers; in his dress—he lets it hang low; in his speech—he is affected and pretentious; and in his glance—he looks at people out of the corner of his eye and turns his cheek away from them in disdain. Whoever is marked by these vile and repugnant traits is hated by people, burdensome to them, and the butt of their ridicule and mockery.
- With Allah, however, such a person will meet his Lord on the Day of Resurrection while He is angry with him, and that anger entails punishment. Pride and self-exaltation are therefore among the major sins.
- Many texts denounce pride and its people. Allah the Exalted says, “Indeed, He does not love the arrogant” (16:23); He says, “I have sought refuge in my Lord and your Lord from every arrogant one who does not believe in the Day of Reckoning” (40:27); and He says, “Indeed, Allah does not love every self-deluded boaster” (31:18). Muslim narrates (91) from Ibn Masʿūd that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “No one who has even an atom’s weight of arrogance in his heart will enter Paradise.” Muslim also records (4095) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, relaying from his Lord, “Might is My cloak and greatness is My robe; whoever contends with Me regarding either of them, I will punish him.”
- Mukhtaṣar al-Iḥyāʾ states: “Arrogance and self-admiration are two destructive diseases; the arrogant and the conceited are sick and infirm, and in Allah’s sight they are despised and detested.” Allah has condemned pride in several places in His Book; He says, “I shall turn away from My signs those who behave arrogantly on the earth without…”
- غضبان: غضب يغضب -من باب علم- غضبًا، فهو غضبان، جمعه غضاب، سخط عليه وأراد الانتقام منه.
هذا من حيث التصريفُ اللغويُّ، أما غَضَبُ الله تعالى: فهو صفة، نثبت حقيقتها على المعنى اللائق بجلاله، ونفوِّض كيفية الصفة.
* ما يؤخذ من الحديث:
١ - الحديث يدل على ذم الكبر والتعاظم، ويظهر هذا التعاظم وهذا التكبر في مِشيته،؛ فيختال فيها، وفي لباسه فَيُسبِله، وفي كلامه؛ فيتشدق فيه ويتقعر، وفي نظره؛ فلا ينظر إلى الناس إلاَّ ببعض عينيه، ويصعَّر خده للناس، فيميله كبرًا؛ فمن اتَّصف بهذه الصفات الذميمة الكريهة، فهو ممقوت عند الناس، وثقيل لديهم، ومحل سخريتهم، واستهزائهم به.
٢ - أما عند الله تعالى: فإنَّه يلقى ربه يوم القيامة، وهو عليه غضبان، وغضبه مستوجب لعقابه؛ فالكِبر والتعاظم من كبائر الذنوب.
٣ - جاءت نصوص كثيرة في ذم الكبر وأهله، قال تعالى: ﴿إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُسْتَكْبِرِينَ (٢٣)﴾ [النحل]، وقال تعالى: ﴿إِنِّي عُذْتُ بِرَبِّي وَرَبِّكُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ مُتَكَبِّرٍ لَا يُؤْمِنُ بِيَوْمِ الْحِسَابِ (٢٧)﴾ [غافر]، وقال تعالى: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ مُخْتَالٍ فَخُورٍ (١٨)﴾ [لقمان].
وجاء في مسَلم (٩١) من حديث ابن مسعود؛ أنَّ النَّبيَّ ﷺ قال: "لا يدخل الجنة من في قلبه مثقال ذرة من كِبر".
وروى مسلم (٤٠٩٥) أنَّ النَّبىَّ ﷺ قال: "قال الله تعالى: العزُّ إزاري، والكبرياء ردائي، فمن نازعني فيهما، عذبته".
٤ - قال في مختصر الإحياء: الكبر والعجب داءان مهلكان، والمتكبر والمعجب سقيمان مريضان، وهما عند الله ممقوتان بغيضان، وقد ذم الله الكبر في مواضع من كتابه؛ فقال: ﴿سَأَصْرِفُ عَنْ آيَاتِيَ الَّذِينَ يَتَكَبَّرُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ