Tawḍīḥ al-Aḥkām - Abd Allah al-Bassam - (7/434)

Tawḍīḥ al-AḥkāmAbd Allah al-Bassam

among them and unite their ranks.

His words, “A Muslim is the brother of a Muslim.” Allah, the Exalted, says, “The believers are but brothers” (Qur’an 49:10). Islamic brotherhood is therefore the strongest bond and the firmest tie between one Muslim and another. It brings with it mutual rights: if those rights are upheld the bond grows and prospers; if they are neglected it weakens, withers, and may die out altogether. Muslims must safeguard this bond and revive it by fulfilling those duties and maintaining those connections.
His words, “He does not wrong him.” This is the very least a Muslim owes his brother. Wrong-doing may pertain to life, honour, or property; hence a Muslim must avoid infringing on any of these. A Muslim’s blood, wealth, and honour are sacrosanct with respect to his fellow Muslim.
His words, “Nor does he forsake him.” Forsaking (khidhlān) means that a Muslim is subjected to injustice and you are able to help him but do not; rather, you abandon him. The believer is commanded to help his Muslim brother—whether the brother is the oppressor, by restraining him from oppression, or the one oppressed, by protecting him from injustice. Abū Dāwūd records 4884 from Abū Ṭalḥah that the Prophet ﷺ said, “No Muslim abandons another Muslim in a place where his sanctity is violated and his honour belittled but that Allah will abandon him in a place where he would love to be helped; and no Muslim supports another Muslim in a place where his honour is belittled and his sanctity violated but that Allah will support him in a place where he would love to be helped.”
His words, “Nor does he hold him in contempt.” Looking down on one’s fellow Muslim springs from arrogance. Muslim transmits 91 from Ibn Masʿūd that the Prophet ﷺ said, “Arrogance is rejecting the truth and belittling people.” The arrogant person views himself as perfect and others as deficient; he despises and scorns them, deems them unworthy of having their rights fulfilled, and refuses to accept the truth from any of them when they present it.
His words, “Piety is here,” while he pointed to his chest three times:

بينهم، وتوحد كلمتهم. ٤ - قوله: "المسلم أخو المسلم": قال تعالى: ﴿إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ﴾ [الحجرات: ١٠]، فالأخوَّة الإسلامية هي أوثق رابطةٍ وأقوى صلة بين المسلم وأخيه المسلم، وهي تقتضي حقوقًا بينهما، إنْ قاما بها نمت وزكت، وإلاَّ ضعفت وذوت حتى تموت؛ فعلى المسلمين مراعاتها، وإحياؤها بالقيام بالحقوق والصلات. ٥ - قوله: "لا يظلمه": هذا أقل ما يجب للمسلم على أخيه، والظلم يكون في النفس، والعِرض، والمال؛ فعلى المسلم: تجنب غلط أخيه، فالمسلم على المسلم حرامٌ: دمه، وماله، وعرضه. ٦ - قوله: "ولا يخذله": الخذلان هو أنْ يُظْلَمَ المسلم وتقدر على نصره فلا تفعل، بل تتخلَّى عنه؛ فإنَّ المؤمنَ مأمورٌ بنصر أخيه المسلم، سواء أكان ظالمًا فتنصره على نفسه، وتمنعه من الظلم، أو مظلومًا فتمنع الظلم عنه، فقد أخرج أبو داود (٤٨٨٤) من حديث أبي طلحة؛ أنَّ النَّبيَّ ﷺ قال: "ما من امرىءٍ مسلم يخذل امرأ مسلمًا في موضع تنتهك فيه حرمته، وينتقص فيه من عرضه، إلاَّ خذله الله في موضعٍ يحب فيه نصرته، وما من امرىءٍ ينصر مسلمًا في موضع ينتقص فيه من عرضه، وتنتهك فيه حرمته، إلاَّ نصره الله في موضعٍ يحب فيه نصرته". ٧ - قوله: "ولا يحقره": احتقار المسلم لأخيه ناشيءٌ عن الكِبْر؛ فقد أخرج مسلم (٩١) من حديث ابن مسعود؛ أنَّ النَّبيَّ ﷺ قال: "الكِبْر بَطَر الحقَّ، وغَمْط النَّاس" فالمتكبِّر ينظر إلى نفسه بعين الكمال، وإلى غيره بعين النقص؛ فيحتقرهم، ويزدريهم، ولا يراهم أهلاً لأن يقوم بحقوقهم، ولا أنْ يقبل من أحدهم الحق إذا ردوه عليه. ٨ - قوله: "التقوى هاهنا، ويشير إلى صدره ثلاثًا":