permissible expenditures or in forbidden ones; all of this is detested extravagance.

The second category is parsimony—miserliness itself: neglecting the obligatory expenditures or the commendable expenditures that dignity requires.

As for the third, praiseworthy category, it is moderation and prudent management: discharging the obligatory outlays that pertain to the rights of Allah and the rights of His servants—whether regular expenses or mandatory debts—while also fulfilling the desirable, recommended expenditures that honor demands. Allah, Exalted is He, says: “Those who, when they spend, are neither wasteful nor stingy, but keep to a just balance between the two” (al-Furqan 25:67). Such are the qualities of the servants of the Most Compassionate. Allah is the One who grants success.