the distraction of his heart from Allah, or the scantness of his faith; so he wishes that the other remain in the very deficiency and frailty he is in.
This is envy for something merely anticipated, whereas the first was envy for something already realized; yet both kinds of envier are enemies to Allah’s favor and to His servants, and they are despised by Allah Almighty and by people alike.
The third level is the envy of emulation (ḥasad al-ghibṭa): to wish that one be granted the same state as the person envied, without the blessing being removed from him. There is no blame in this, and its possessor is not censured; on the contrary, it is akin to noble rivalry. Allah the Exalted has said, “And for that let those who compete, compete” (Q 83:26).
In the authentic ḥadith the Prophet ﷺ said: “There is no envy except in two cases: a man whom Allah has given wealth and empowered to spend it in the cause of truth, and a man whom Allah has given wisdom so he judges by it and teaches it to people.”
This is the envy of emulation, driven by a person’s loftiness of spirit, love of virtuous qualities, desire to resemble those who possess them, to enter their ranks, and to be among their forerunners. From this aspiration arise competition, vying, and hastening toward good, together with love for the one envied and a wish that Allah’s favor remain upon him. Such envy is in no way included in the verse.
7 – Al-Ghazālī said: Envy is one of the heart’s serious diseases, and the illnesses of the heart have no cure except knowledge and action.
The beneficial knowledge for the disease of envy is to recognize that envy harms you in both religion and worldly life, while the envied person suffers no harm in either. Indeed, he gains religiously from your envy, for he is wronged by you—especially if you give your envy voice or turn it into action. As for worldly benefit: among people’s greatest aims is to distress their enemies, and there is no distress greater than that in which the envier himself is trapped.
The useful action is to compel oneself to do the opposite of what envy commands. Envy stirs rancor and disparagement of the envied, so force yourself to praise and commend him; if it pushes you toward arrogance, oblige yourself to humility before him; and if it incites you to withhold