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Glossary of the ḥadith:
– min ḥusni: the preposition min is partitive, though it may also serve an explanatory function.
– mā lā yaʿnīhi: people say, “ʿunītu bil-ḥājah fa-anā bihā maʿnī,” meaning, “I cared about the need and busied myself with fulfilling it.”
Lessons drawn from the ḥadith:
- Ibn Rajab (may Allah have mercy on him) said: What concerns a person is whatever engages his care, forms his aim, and becomes his pursuit; ʿināyah is intense attentiveness to a matter. The intent is not that one abandons what holds no interest for him merely out of caprice and self-inclination, but rather in obedience to the ruling of the Sharia and of Islam. For that reason it was counted among the excellences of Islam: part of the beauty of a person’s Islam is to leave what does not concern him of words and deeds and thus remain safe from the forbidden, the doubtful, the disliked, and the superfluous lawful things he does not need. None of this concerns the Muslim once his Islam is perfected and he reaches the station of iḥsān—worshipping Allah as though he sees Him; and though he does not see Him, Allah surely sees him. Whoever worships Allah while conscious of His nearness and beholds Him with his heart, or is conscious of Allah’s nearness to him and His watchfulness, has beautified his Islam. That inevitably leads him to abandon all that does not concern him in Islam and to occupy himself with what does. From these two states arises modesty before Allah and the avoidance of everything that would cause shame in His presence.
- Shaykh Aḥmad al-Fashnī said: What concerns a person are the matters necessary for his livelihood in this world and his safety in the Hereafter. These are few compared to the many things that do not concern him. If a person limits himself to what truly concerns him, he is spared a great evil, and deliverance from evil is best.
- Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr said: This statement of the Prophet ﷺ is among those concise utterances that encompass numerous and weighty meanings in only a few words.
* مفردات الحديث:
- من حسن: "من" تبعيضية، ويجوز أنْ تكون بيانية.
- ما لا يعنيه: يُقال: عُنِيتُ بالحاجة، فأنا بها مَعْنِيّ، أي: اهتممت بها، واشتغلت بقضائها.
* ما يؤخذ من الحديث:
١ - قال ابن رجب -رحمه الله تعالى-: الَّذي يعني الإنسان هو الَّذي تتعلَّق به عنايته، ويكون مقصده ومطلوبه، والعناية شدَّة الاهتمام بالشيءِ.
وليس المراد: أنه ترك ما لا عناية به، ولا إرادة، بحكم الهوس، وطلب النفس، بل بحكم الشرع والإِسلام؛ ولذا جعله من حسن الإِسلام؛ فإنَّ من حسن إسلام المرء ترك ما لا يعنيه من الأقوال والأفعال، وسَلِمَ من المحرَّمات، والمشتبهات، والمكروهات، وفضول المباحات التي لا يحتاج إليها؛ فإنَّ هذا كله لا يعني المسلم إذا كمل إسلامه، وبلغ درجة الإحسان وهو أن يعبد الله كأنَّه يراه، فإنْ لم يكن يراه، فإنَّ الله يراه، فمن عَبَدَ الله على استحضار قربه، ومشاهدته بقلبه، أو على استحضار قرب الله منه واطلاعه، فقد حسن إسلامه، ولزم من ذلك أنْ يترك كل ما لا يعنيه في الإِسلام، ويشتغل بما يعنيه فيه؛ فإنه يتولَّد من هذين المقامين الاستحياء من الله، وترك كل ما يُستحيا معه.
٢ - وقال الشيخ أحمد الفشني: الَّذي يعني الإنسان من الأمور ما يتعلَّق بضرورة حياته في معاشه، وسلامته في معاده، وذلك يسير بالنسبة إلى ما لا يعنيه، فإنِ اقتصر الإنسان على ما يعنيه من الأمور، سلم من شرٍّ عظيم، والسَّلامة من الشرِّ خير.
٣ - قال ابن عبد البر: كلامه ﷺ هذا من الكلام الجامع للمعاني الكثيرة الجليلة في الألفاظ القليلة.