Tawḍīḥ al-Aḥkām - Abd Allah al-Bassam - (7/367)

Tawḍīḥ al-AḥkāmAbd Allah al-Bassam

wherever he turns. Allah surrounds him with care, preserves him, grants him success, and guides him aright. Whoever has Allah with him has the host that can never be vanquished, the Watchman who never sleeps, and the Guide who never goes astray.

The Exalted said to Moses and Aaron: “Do not be afraid; indeed, I am with you both—I hear and I see” (20:46). The Prophet ﷺ said, “What do you think of two when Allah is their third?” (al-Bukhārī 2663; Muslim 2381), and he said, “Do not grieve; Allah is with us” (reported by al-Bukhārī 3615; Muslim 2009).

This special form of accompaniment therefore entails victory, support, protection, and assistance.

As for the general accompaniment mentioned in His words, “No private conversation takes place among three but that He is their fourth, nor among five but that He is their sixth, nor fewer than that nor more but that He is with them wherever they are” (al-Mujādilah 58:7), this type signifies His knowledge, His awareness, and His oversight of their deeds; thus it should fill His servants with fear of Him.

The first type, by contrast, signifies His safeguarding, His care, and His aid. Whoever safeguards Allah and observes His rights will find Him before him and in front of him, taking comfort in Him and dispensing with His creation.

Third: his words, “When you ask, ask Allah.”

Al-Nawawī said: This indicates that the servant should not attach his innermost reliance to anyone but Allah; rather, he should trust Him in all his affairs. If the need he seeks is not customarily fulfilled through human agency—such as guidance, knowledge, understanding of the Qur’an and Sunnah, healing from illness, or well-being from the trials of this world and the punishment of the Hereafter—he should ask his Lord for it. If the need is one that Allah usually brings about through His creatures, such as matters involving artisans, tradespeople, or those in authority, he should ask Allah to incline their hearts toward him.

Ibn Rajab said: His statement, “When you ask, ask Allah, and when you seek help, seek help from Allah,” is derived from His saying, “You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help” (al-Fātiḥah 1:5).

توجه: يحوطه، ويحفظه، ويوفِّقه، ويسدِّده، ومن يكن الله معه، فمعه الفئة التي لا تُغلب، والحارس الَّذي لا ينام، والهادي الَّذي لا يضل. قال تعالى لموسى وهارون: ﴿لَا تَخَافَا إِنَّنِي مَعَكُمَا أَسْمَعُ وَأَرَى (٤٦)﴾ [طه]، وقال ﷺ: "وما ظنك باثنين الله ثالثهما" [البخاري (٢٦٦٣) ومسلم (٢٣٨١)]، وقال ﷺ: "لا تحزن إنَّ الله معنا" [رواه البخاري (٣٦١٥) ومسلم (٢٠٠٩)]. فهذه المعيَّة الخاصَّة تقتضي النصر، والتأييد، والحفظ، والإعانة. أمَّا المعيَّة العامَّة المذكورة في قوله تعالى: ﴿مَا يَكُونُ مِنْ نَجْوَى ثَلَاثَةٍ إِلاَّ هُوَ رَابِعُهُمْ وَلَا خَمْسَةٍ إِلاَّ هُوَ سَادِسُهُمْ وَلَا أَدْنَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَلَا أَكْثَرَ إِلاَّ هُوَ مَعَهُمْ أَيْنَ مَا كَانُوا﴾ [المجادلة: ٧]: فإن هذه معيَّة تقتضي علمه، واطلاعه، ومراقبته لأعمالهم؛ فهي تقتضي تخويف عباده منه. وأمَّا المعيَّة الأولى: فتقتضي حفظه، وحياطته، ونصره، فمن حفظ الله، وراعى حقوقه، وَجَدَهُ أمَامه وتجاهه، فاستأنس واستغنى به عن خلقه. الثالثة: قوله: "إذا سألت، فأسأل الله": قال النووي: فيه إشارة إلى أنَّ العبدَ لا ينبغي له أنْ يعلِّق سرَّه بغير الله، بل يتوكَّل عليه في جميع أموره: ثمَّ إنْ كانت الحاجة التي يسألها لم تجر العادة بجريانها على أيدي خلقه؛ كمطلب الهداية، والعلم، والفهم في القرآن والسنَّة، وشفاء المرض، وحصول العافية من بلاء الدنيا، وعذاب الآخرة-: سأل ربه ذلك. وإنْ كانت الحاجة التي يسألها جرت العادة أنَّ الله ﷾ يجريها على أيدي خلقه، كالحاجات المتعلقة بأصحاب الحرف والصنائع وولاة الأمور-: سأل الله تعالى أنْ يعطِّف عليه قلوبهم. وقال ابن رجب: قوله: "إِذَا سألت؛ فأسأل الله، وإذا استعنت؛ فاستعن بالله": هذا منتزعٌ من قوله تعالى: ﴿إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ (٥)﴾