Etiquettes. The passage before us is composed of four noble sections:
- “Whoever relieves a Muslim of a distress … etc.”
Ibn Rajab writes: A distress (kurbah) is an intense hardship that plunges its victim into anguish. To relieve it means to lighten it for him—that is, to remove the distress so that his anxiety and grief disappear. The ways of easing people’s afflictions are many, for they cover everything that weighs upon a person or any crisis that befalls a servant.
Al-Nawawi says: This ḥadith proves the recommendation of contentment, of ransoming captives, and of standing surety for the insolvent. The ḥadith does not restrict the recompense of a good deed to a single reward in the Hereafter; rather, the distresses of the Hereafter encompass difficult conditions and numerous fears whose terrors far exceed worldly hardship. Moreover, the ḥadith promises a good end for the one who brings relief—that he will die upon Islam. It is therefore a promise of reward in the Hereafter, and in that promise the believers should place their trust.
- “Whoever makes things easy for an insolvent person, Allah will make things easy for him in this world and the Hereafter.”
The Exalted says: “And if someone is in hardship, then grant him respite until ease; but if you remit it as charity, that is better for you, if only you knew” (Qur’an 2:280). Granting a debtor a reprieve or writing off the debt altogether is a powerful means and a divine promise that Allah will facilitate one’s affairs in this life and the next.
Ibn Rajab comments: Easing the situation of the insolvent occurs in one of two ways: either by granting him a postponement of payment, and that is obligatory; or by waiving the debt or giving him what will remove his hardship—both of which are meritorious.
The two Ṣaḥīḥs record from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “There was once a merchant who used to lend to the people. When he saw someone in hardship he would say to his servants, ‘Let him off, so that Allah may let us off.’ So Allah forgave him.”
- “Whoever conceals the fault of a Muslim … etc.”