Lessons Drawn from the ḥadīth
Islam is a religion of love, affection, and brotherhood. It urges these virtues and invites people to them; therefore, it has legislated the causes that realize such lofty aims.
Foremost among those causes is the fulfillment of the mutual social duties that bind Muslims together: spreading the greeting of peace, accepting invitations, offering sincere advice when consulted, invoking mercy for the one who sneezes, visiting the sick, and escorting the funeral procession.
The ḥadīth before us confirms these rights, and—Allah willing—we shall discuss them one by one.
First: Giving the greeting of peace. The Exalted says, “O you who believe, do not enter houses other than your own until you have sought permission and greeted their inhabitants with peace” ⦗al-Nūr 27⦘; and He says, “But when you enter houses, greet one another with a greeting from Allah—blessed and good” ⦗al-Nūr 61⦘; and He says, “When you are greeted with a salutation, respond with one better than it, or return it in like manner” ⦗al-Nisāʾ 86⦘.
In Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim (54) Abu Hurayrah—may Allah be pleased with him—reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “You will not enter Paradise until you believe, and you will not believe until you love one another. Shall I direct you to something which, if you do it, you will love one another? Spread peace among yourselves.”
Allah has thus made this blessed, wholesome greeting a bond of affection, love, and brotherhood between Muslim and Muslim, heart and heart.
For that reason it is best to pronounce the greeting in its complete form: “Peace be upon you, and the mercy of Allah, and His blessings.”
Al-Iqnaʿ states: “Initiating the greeting is a sunnah; within a group it is a communal sunnah (sunnah kifāyah). If someone greets a person and then meets him again shortly thereafter, it is recommended to greet him a second, third, or even more times, and one should not omit the greeting merely because he assumes the other person will not return it.”
Returning the greeting is an individual obligation upon a single respondent and a communal obligation upon a group.