• aʿtaqa: People say ʿataqa al-ʿabdu yaʿtiqu (“the slave became free”), a verb conjugated like daraba. Its verbal noun may be ʿitq, ʿitāq, or ʿitāqah—all with an initial fatḥah—while al-ʿitq with a kasrah is a concrete noun derived from it. When the hamzah is prefixed the verb becomes transitive, so one says aʿtaqahu (“he emancipated him”), and the person thus freed is called muʿtaq; the verb is never made transitive without the hamzah, so ʿataqahu is incorrect. Linguistically, ʿitq signifies absolute release; in Islamic law it denotes freeing a slave and rescuing him from bondage.

• ʿuḍw (limb): One says ʿaḍā al-shaʾata yaʿḍūhā ʿaḍwan, meaning “he cut the sheep into pieces.” The word ʿuḍw may be pronounced with ḍamma or kasrah on the ʿayn, though the ḍamma is more common. It denotes any part of the body—such as a hand, a foot, or an ear—and its plural is aʿḍāʾ.

• fakākah (release, ransom): It is said fakka al-asīra fakkan wa-fakākan (“he freed the captive and let him go”); hence fakāk means deliverance.