1229 – Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Three kinds of people Allah will neither speak to on the Day of Resurrection, nor look at, nor purify, and for them is a painful punishment: (1) a man who has surplus water in an open desert yet withholds it from a wayfarer; (2) a man who consummates a transaction with another after the ʿasr prayer, swearing by Allah that he bought it for such-and-such a price so the buyer believes him, while he is really lying; and (3) a man who pledges allegiance to a leader purely for worldly gain—if the leader gives him some of it he remains loyal, but if he withholds it he breaks his pledge.” Agreed upon. (1)

Lexical notes
• “Three”: meaning three persons. The word “three” (thalāthah) is nominative because it is the subject, while the clause “Allah will not speak to them on the Day of Resurrection” is its predicate.
• “Will not purify them”: He will not cleanse them of their sins, nor praise them.
• “Man”: nominative, functioning as an explanatory apposition.
• “With surplus water”: a phrase attached to an omitted verb and serving as an adjective for “man.”
• falāh (al-falāh): a vast, desolate stretch of land; plural falā and falawāt.
• ibn al-sabīl: literally “son of the road,” a term for the traveler because he is always on the road.
• silʿah: with a kasrah on the sīn and a sukun on the lām; anything traded as merchandise; plural siliʿ.