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People’s property is inviolable, whether little or much. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Even if it is only a twig of arak (a siwak stick),” meaning something trivial—so what, then, of their lives, their honour, and all their other rights? For that reason he proclaimed in the Farewell Pilgrimage: “Indeed, your blood, your honour, and your wealth are inviolable for you, as sacred as this day of yours, in this month of yours, in this land of yours. Have I conveyed?” [al-Bukhari 1741; Muslim 1679].
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Concerning his words, “Paradise is forbidden to him”: the early scholars unanimously agreed that the perpetrator of a major sin is neither a disbeliever nor outside the fold of Islam, and that—even if he is punished for his sins—he will not remain eternally in the Fire. Accordingly, they interpreted texts of this sort in several ways:
• Some said it applies to the one who commits the act while deeming it lawful.
• Others said the outward wording is not intended; the purpose is to frighten and deter, so the text is left to serve that warning.
• Others said such reports are to be accepted as they are, without delving into explanation.
As for Shaykh al-Islam, he held that a person carries within him causes for punishment and causes for forgiveness; one offsets the other. Thus, this deed is a reason for him to enter the Fire, but the faith he possesses prevents him from remaining there forever. -
The hadith also shows that the Prophet’s human nature was not altered by prophethood and messengership, as Allah says, “I am only a man like you” (Q 18:110); and as he himself stated, “I am only a human being” [al-Bukhari 401; Muslim 572]. Therefore—just as this hadith indicates—he apprehended matters only by their outward appearances, unless wisdom required that he be informed of some aspect of the unseen, for the default is that he has no such knowledge. Allah—exalted is He—says: “Had I possessed knowledge of the unseen, I would have secured for myself abundant good, and no harm would have touched me” (Q 7:188).