to seek justice and to exert himself in establishing the truth, for such counsel reminds him of the duties he is obliged to perform.
8 – Shaykh Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm Āl al-Shaykh, in his advice to a judge, said: “I enjoin you to fear Allah Most High, to remain mindful of Him, to proceed with deliberation in your rulings, to verify matters thoroughly, to ask about anything ambiguous, and to seek reconciliation whenever you can, so long as the sharʿī ruling has not yet become clear. Let us also remind Your Eminence that remaining in your post is an act of cooperation in fulfilling a communal obligation; it is a form of jihād in the path of Allah. What we hope from you is patience and the expectation of reward, for Allah will never allow the reward of one who excels in his deeds to be lost.”
9 – Ibn al-Qayyim said: “It is not a prerequisite for a mujtahid to know every single statement and action of the Prophet ﷺ that relates to legal rulings; rather, it suffices that he know the majority and the main body of them.”
10 – If a judge expends his utmost effort in a case, applies ijtihād until he reaches what he believes to be the truth, and then delivers judgment, and his ruling is correct—conforming to the truth intended by Allah in His laws—he receives two rewards: one for his ijtihād and another for attaining the correct ruling. Should he strive yet fail to reach the correct conclusion, he still receives one reward, that of ijtihād, because his effort to discover the truth is itself an act of worship; the reward for correctness, however, eludes him. He is not sinful for missing the mark after exerting all due effort, provided he is knowledgeable and qualified for ijtihād.
11 – The import of the hadith is that if a judge does not engage in ijtihād but rules without careful consideration or a search for accuracy, he is sinful, for he has judged between people while ignorant of the truth; such a judge belongs in the Fire.
12 – Ibn al-Qayyim said: “A judge needs three things without which his ruling is invalid:
- knowledge of the evidences;
- knowledge of the underlying causes.”