Points derived from the ḥadith:
1 – Whoever seeks the office of judge or any other public post falls into one of two categories:
a) He intends by it prestige, leadership, or wealth. Such an aspiration is blameworthy, and a number of authentic narrations condemn it and prohibit anyone who comes forward with this motive. Among them are:
• The report collected by Muslim (1825) from Abū Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him): “I said, ‘Messenger of Allah, will you not appoint me?’ He replied, ‘You are weak, and the post is a trust. On the Day of Resurrection it will be a cause of disgrace and remorse, except for one who takes it with its due right and fulfills the duties that come with it.’”
• The narration recorded by al-Ṭabarānī (18/71) and al-Bazzār (7/188) with a sound chain, from ʿAwf ibn Mālik, in which the Prophet ﷺ said, “Its first stage is reproach, its second is regret, and its third is punishment on the Day of Resurrection—unless a person rules with justice.”
Al-Nawawī, commenting on the ḥadith under discussion, said: “This is a great foundational proof for shunning positions of authority, especially for anyone who is weak. It applies to the one who enters office without the proper qualifications and fails to rule justly; such a person will regret his negligence when he is compensated on the Day of Resurrection.”
b) He seeks the judgeship or another office because it has become personally obligatory for him: there is no one else qualified to discharge it, and if he declines it will fall to someone unable to perform it competently. He therefore seeks it with this praiseworthy intention, and he will be rewarded and assisted in it.
Ibn Masʿūd (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “For me to sit as judge between two people is dearer to me than worshipping for seventy years.”
Al-Mughnī states: “The judiciary carries enormous merit for the person who is strong enough to undertake it and uphold the truth therein. For that reason Allah grants him a reward even for inadvertent error and waives liability for the mistake. The office involves enjoining what is right, aiding the oppressed, returning rights to their owners, restraining the wrongdoer from his injustice, reconciling people, and rescuing some of them from others.”